Smithing

Smithing shapes metal by applying heat and force, making it pliable for molding into various forms, commonly used in blacksmithing and smaller propane furnaces.

What is smithing?

Smithing is the process of shaping metal using heat and force. It involves heating metal until it becomes malleable, then using hammers, presses, or dies to shape it. This technique is widely used in forging, knife-making, jewellery crafting, and industrial metalworking.

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History of smithing

Smithing is one of the oldest techniques for metal work, dating back thousands of years. Blacksmiths have traditionally used coal, charcoal, and gas forges to heat metal for shaping. With modern advancements, propane torches provide a portable and efficient heat source for small-scale forging and similar projects.

How does it work?

A propane torch generates an intense, controlled flame, heating metal to forging temperatures. Once hot, the metal is hammered or pressed into the desired shape. Unlike traditional smithing, a propane torch offers precision heating, making it ideal for small-scale forging, spot heating, blacksmithing and detailed work.

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Frequently asked questions

Yes, a propane torch can heat metals to blacksmithing temperatures, though it's best for small projects or precision heating.

  • Iron – Detail heating for precise shaping
  • Copper & brass – Easily forged at lower temperatures
  • Silver & gold – Common in jewellery-making
  • Aluminium – Softens with heat but requires careful handling

A propane torch can reach up to (1,982 °C / 3,600 °F) , which is sufficient for many smithing applications but may not be enough for heavy-duty steelwork.

A propane torch is more portable and precise, while a forge provides even, sustained heat for larger pieces of metal with higher temperatures.

If you’re forge welding or working with certain metals, flux helps prevent oxidation and impurities.

Yes, but only for heat treating, spot heating, or working with softer metals. 

The metal will glow red, orange, or yellow, depending on the temperature. Brighter colours indicate higher temperatures suitable for forging. 

Yes! A propane torch is great for annealing (softening metal) and tempering (reducing brittleness) in small metalworking projects.

A high-output propane torch with an adjustable flame works best for smithing, as it allows precise control over heat application.

Melting points for common metal types 

  • Aluminium: 660 °C / 1220 °F 
  • Brass: 930 °C / 1710 °F 
  • Bronze: 913 °C / 1675 °F 
  • Copper: 1084 °C / 1983 °F 
  • Gold: 1063 °C / 1945 °F 
  • Cast Iron: 1204 °C / 2200 °F 
  • Lead: 328 °C / 622 °F 
  • Nickel: 1453 °C / 2647 °F 
  • Platinum: 1770 °C / 3218 °F 
  • Silver: 961 °C / 1762 °F 
  • Carbon Steel: 1425-1540 °C / 2597-2800 °F 
  • Stainless Steel: 1510 °C / 2750 °F 
  • Titanium: 1670 °C / 3038 °F 
  • Wrought Iron: 1482-1593 °C / 2700- 2900 °F 
  • Zinc: 420 °C / 787 °F 

*Alloys have more than one element, therefore their melting temperatures are dependent on the alloy composition. 

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